In brief
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often because of raised pressure inside the eye. It usually causes no early symptoms, and lost vision cannot be recovered, so early detection is essential.
This information is general and does not replace an eye examination or advice from an eye-care professional. If you have a problem with your eyes or vision, please see an optometrist or ophthalmologist.
Why it is called a silent condition
Most people with common forms of glaucoma feel nothing at first. Side vision fades slowly, and the brain fills the gaps, so damage can be well advanced before it is noticed.
Who is at higher risk
- People over 40, and risk rises with age.
- A family history of glaucoma.
- Diabetes.
- Moderate or high short-sightedness (myopia).
- Long-term use of steroid medicines.
- Previous eye injury.
How it is found
An eye examination can include a check of the pressure inside the eye, an assessment of the optic nerve and a test of your field of vision. Optometrists perform these checks and refer patients to an ophthalmologist when glaucoma is suspected.
Treatment
Treatment, prescribed by an ophthalmologist, aims to lower eye pressure and protect the remaining vision. It may involve eye drops, laser treatment or surgery. Treatment must be continued as advised.
Get help urgently if
You have sudden severe eye pain, a red eye, blurred vision, halos around lights, headache, nausea or vomiting. This can be acute angle-closure glaucoma, a medical emergency.
Frequently asked questions
Does glaucoma always cause symptoms?
No. The most common forms cause no symptoms in the early stages, which is why regular eye examinations matter, especially after the age of 40.
Can glaucoma damage be reversed?
No. Lost vision cannot be restored, but treatment can slow or stop further loss.
How often should I have my eyes checked for glaucoma?
Ask your optometrist. People with risk factors, such as a family history or diabetes, are usually advised to be checked more often.
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