Eye Health Information

Retinal Disease

In brief

The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Diseases of the retina, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and retinal detachment, can threaten sight and often need prompt care.

This information is general and does not replace an eye examination or advice from an eye-care professional. If you have a problem with your eyes or vision, please see an optometrist or ophthalmologist.

Common retinal conditions

  • Diabetic retinopathy: damage to the retinal blood vessels caused by diabetes.
  • Age-related macular degeneration: loss of sharp central vision with age.
  • Retinal tear or detachment: the retina pulls away from the back of the eye.
  • Retinal vein or artery blockage: reduced blood supply to the retina.

Seek urgent care if you notice

  • A sudden shower of new floaters.
  • Flashes of light.
  • A dark curtain or shadow across part of your vision.
  • Sudden loss or distortion of vision.

If you have diabetes

Diabetic retinopathy can progress without symptoms. People with diabetes are advised to have a dilated retinal examination regularly, commonly at least once a year, and to keep blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol under control.

Looking after your retina

  • Do not skip eye examinations, especially if you are over 50 or have diabetes or high blood pressure.
  • Do not smoke.
  • Eat a balanced diet rich in vegetables.
  • Protect your eyes from injury.

Frequently asked questions

What are the warning signs of a retinal detachment?

Sudden new floaters, flashes of light and a shadow or curtain across your vision. These need urgent attention from an eye specialist.

How often should people with diabetes have their eyes examined?

Commonly at least once a year, but your doctor or eye-care professional will advise the right interval for you.

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